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[hal-05119063] Continuous exponential inversion of transient NMR data using cubic splines: A proof of concept
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marie Bonny) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119063v1
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[hal-05119035] Can we estimate tree hydric status using a transportable MRI sensor ?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Pagès) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119035v1
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[hal-05119077] Continuous exponential inversion of transient NMR data using cubic splines: A proof of concept
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marie Bonny) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119077v1
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[hal-05119044] Can we estimate tree hydric status thanks to a transportable MRI sensor?
Grasslands and forests play a crucial role in mitigating global warming due to their significant capacity to store carbon. Water is essential in this process, as it acts as a reactant in converting carbon dioxide into sugars during photosynthesis. In the context of global warming and climate change, understanding how plants manage water is critical. However, there is currently no sensor capable of locally probing water content and its movement directly in plants within their natural environment-i.e., in situ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred analytical tool for non-invasive, localized measurement of water properties. To make these instruments transportable, low-magnetic-field devices have been developed, 1 including unilateral magnets. 2 With such unilateral instruments, like the NMR-MOUSE, 3 the sample is placed at the magnet's surface, and the signal is recorded in a thin slice at a known distance from the surface. By precisely adjusting the magnet's position using a high-precision lift, a 1D image or profile can be obtained. Few portable devices have been used to study plant function in situ. 4 We have customized an NMR-MOUSE to readily perform measurements outside the laboratory and demonstrated that the measurements were quantitative. To go further, we evaluated the sensor sensitivity by performing drought experiments on pine trees in pots. We demonstrated that the information obtained thanks to the transportable MRI sensor were complementary to the ones obtained from classical ecophysiological sensors. The vulnerability curve, which reports on the tree hydric status by linking the xylem pressure to a mortality probability, is a value highly used by plant physiologists. We compared the classical vulnerability curve for our pine trees with a similar plot obtained by our transportable MRI sensor. One main hypothesis was raised to explain the differences observed between both methods.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Pagés) 18 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05119044v1
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[hal-05051655] Spatiotemporal quantification of sodium concentration in food using magnetic resonance imaging
Quantitative 23Na MRI presents numerous technical challenges that limit its application in food science – especially in the context of salt reduction. This study aimed to fill this gap by developing a quantitative 23Na MRI protocol for following the evolution of salt concentration in food samples. By doing so, valuable information on salting processes of real food products can be obtained. The protocol utilizes a 2D interleaved-spiral sequence implemented on a 9.4 T MRI system, enabling the generation of multiple quantitative sodium maps to monitor sodium diffusion over time. The protocol was first validated on a homogeneous gel with a known salt concentration. Subsequently, a theoretical model of salt diffusion was developed using data obtained from boiled carrots salted at the start of the cooking process. Additionally, a visual comparison of salting methods was conducted, contrasting salting at the beginning of cooking with salting after cooking. The results demonstrated that our protocol effectively minimized spatial artifacts caused by coil inhomogeneities in both emission and reception modes. Experimental data collected from salted carrots aligned with expected behavior, confirming the protocol's accuracy. Utilizing the developed model, salt distribution at the extreme ends of the salting process could be extrapolated, providing insights relevant to practical, domestic applications. Moreover, differences between salting methods were identified, emphasizing the significant influence of salting practices on salt distribution, which could positively enhance salt perception.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 29 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05051655v1
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[hal-05051650] Impact of salting practices on sodium distribution in carrots assessed by quantitative MRI
Currently, sodium consumption is significantly higher than the 5 g per day recommended by health organizations. This paper aimed to compare salt distribution in food according to domestic salting practices. For this study, carrots boiled in water were used as a food model. Two practices were compared. On the one hand, sprinkling salt on the food after cooking, and on the other one, adding salt during cooking (i.e. in the cooking water). Two salts were compared: fine sea salt and fleur de sel, the latter having larger crystals. Sodium distribution, which is assumed to influence saltiness perception, can be assessed by quantitative MRI (qMRI). Thanks to a newly developed methodology, quantitative sodium maps were successfully obtained for the two salting practices. It was also possible to monitor the evolution of sodium distribution in different parts of the cooked carrots. Results show that a more heterogeneous distribution of sodium is obtained when salting is performed after cooking using fleur de sel compared to when salting is performed during cooking. The expected results allow us to highlight practices in terms of table salt use that can easily be adopted by consumers to increase the sensory availability of discretionary salt therefore lowering salt intake.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 29 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05051650v1
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[hal-05051288] Insights into the mechanisms involved in the evolution of the structural and physicochemical properties of tomato during air drying – A study combining MRI, unilateral NMR and conventional techniques
Most fruits and vegetables have high water content, making them highly perishable. Drying preserves them by reducing water content, slowing microbial activity and chemical spoilage. It also enhances product range and reduces transport and storage costs. This study explored how water and air distribution and chemical properties of fruits affect the drying process and quality of dried tomatoes, focusing on texture and nutrient composition. MRI and unilateral NMR, the unique spatially resolved techniques to characterize water dynamics and multiscale tissue structure non-destructively, were combined with conventional techniques assessing chemical composition, histological features and texture properties.<p>MRI and unilateral NMR succeeded in capturing tissue evolution and heterogeneous features of tomato slices during drying by accessing information on water status and distribution and apparent micro-porosity. Results indicated that fruit microstructure influenced drying kinetics: larger cells and less heterogeneous tissue promoted dehydration. Drying also changed biochemical compounds and phenolic profiles, affecting nutrient quality. Despite differences in drying rates between the two cultivars investigated, their texture and nutrient composition remained similar, suggesting potential for improvement of cultivars destined for drying and/or of the drying process itself. These findings could help optimize drying processes and develop tomato cultivars better suited to drying. Last, the experimental approaches adopted here, i.e., MRI for in situ drying investigation and unilateral NMR, can help gain deeper insights into fleshy fruit transformation, with possible industrial applications.</p>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maja Musse) 29 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05051288v1
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[hal-05111670] Consumer-Affordable Practices for Reducing Sodium Intake: Insights from the Sal&Mieux Project on Discretionary Salt
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thierry Thomas-Danguin) 13 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05111670v1
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[hal-05019366] Development and Stability of a New Brain Phantom for Leachables Screening from Deep Brain Stimulations Probes
Abstract Implantable medical devices must meet biocompatibility requirements before clinical use, making the profiling of extractables and leachables crucial for assessing risks. Although guidelines outline methods for identifying extractables, they lack guidance on the monitoring of leachables. This study evaluates the stability of a brain phantom stored at 37 °C for 180 days for leachables monitoring. White matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) components, creating an emulsion‐gel with cholesterol, agar, and carboxymethylcellulose, are separated. Homogeneity is assessed using polydispersity index (PDI), and stability is investigated using Young's modulus (YM), rheological behavior, and apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCs) immediately after preparation and after 180 days of storage. PDI values are 0.258 ± 0.009 for WM and 0.362 ± 0.008 for GM. YM values are 2.32 ± 0.14 kPa for WM and 1.11 ± 0.11 kPa for GM. Dynamic viscosities are 16.62 ± 6.36 kPa s for WM and 5.99 ± 2.79 kPa s for GM at 0.1 rad s −1 . ADCs are 1130 ± 64 µm 2 s −1 for WM and 1449 ± 34 µm 2 s −1 for GM. All parameters remain within physiological range during 180 days at 37 °C. Comparison with clinical data is necessary to validate this medium for leachable studies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Yassine Bouattour) 03 Apr 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05019366v1
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[hal-04929632] Insights into multiscale chemical characterisation for the understanding of berry maturation
<div><p>Among secondary metabolites, phenolic and volatile compounds are major contributors to wine quality. Their quantities in wines will depend on several factors, their concentrations in grapes but also their extraction rates, along with a number of other factors. Extraction is a complicated process which involves interactions with other compounds; e.g., polysaccharides and proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of merging different analytical methods for identifying different compounds at different scales. Known methods in wine analysis, such as phloroglucinolysis, were complemented with methods usually applied to other food products and rarely or never on grapes or wines, such as solid-state NMR and NMR water mobility by 1 H MRI. The feasibility of merging these methods was validated on this first trial. While the results did not allow us to answer questions related to the study, they raised other interesting questions to be addressed in future experiments.</p></div>
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Claude Boulet) 04 Feb 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04929632v1
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[hal-04991550] Reducing Discretionary Salt While Preserving Flavor: Insights into Consumer Affordable Practices for Lowering Sodium Intake
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 14 Mar 2025
https://hal.science/hal-04991550v1
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[hal-04723673] Tomato drying investigated by MRI, single sided NMR and conventional techniques
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maja Musse) 07 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04723673v1
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[hal-04956719] Influence of domestic seasoning practices on salt perception
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 19 Feb 2025
https://hal.science/hal-04956719v1
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[hal-04879952] Sodium magnetic resonance imaging to map salt distribution in food depending on domestic salting practices
Currently, sodium consumption is higher than the 5 g per day recommended by health organizations (WHO Global Report on Sodium Intake Reduction, 2023). High sodium intake increasing blood pressure, an increased risk factor for cardiovascular diseases exists (Mozaffarian et al., 2014). Sodium in our diets comes from three sources: salt naturally present in food, salt in manufactured food and discretionary salt, i.e. salt that is added during cooking or at the table (Zandstra et al., 2016). This study deals with the reduction of discretionary salt without decreasing saltiness, as discretionary salt contributes significantly to salt intake (Bhat et al., 2020). It was demonstrated that heterogeneous salt distribution leads to an increase of saltiness (Busch et al., 2019). To image this heterogeneity, we developed an original quantitative sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocol and we then compared three different domestic salting process.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 10 Jan 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04879952v1
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[hal-04888325] Characterization of water state and repartition during drying process of tomato with single sided nuclear magnetic resonance
Background: Drying is the most common form of food preservation and extends the food self-life, while allowing optimizations of packaging, storage and transportation. However, a better understanding of the physicochemical phenomena related to water loss remains necessary to adapt the drying process to the variability of the raw material, in order to preserve the quality of processed products, while optimizing the energy consumption. Here, we present a study aimed at demonstrating the ability of single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for noninvasive in-situ monitoring of the evolution of water properties during tomato drying. Methods: Two varieties of tomatoes, namely H1311 and Terradou, were used. The upper and lower parts of fruits were cut and only the outer pericarp was kept. Sample was put on a plastic wire mesh support in the oven for drying at 45 °C with controlled air flow. Four drying times, 1 h 30 min, 4 h, 7 h and 16 h, were used. NMR experiments were performed at 10 °C using a Magritek Profiler NMR-Mouse PM 25 with a 1 H resonance frequency of 13.29 MHz. Profiles, i.e., signal intensity in function of depth, and T2 relaxation experiments were then acquired at eighty 100 µm-slice thick depths and 0.2 mm-step spanning the entire sample. The oven-drying method at 105 °C for 12 h followed NMR for the moisture content determination at each step. Results: Both tomato cultivars displayed depth profiles whose shape can be related to dehydration. The decrease of the signal during drying occurred gradually from the cut surface. The integrals of these profiles were linearly correlated with the water amount of each sample. As shown in the figure-right, changes were observed in the T2 pattern, the common 3 components of the fresh sample shifted to two after 7 h and only one by 16 h of drying. Conclusions: This change in the number of components along with the decrease in the T2 values were discussed in relation to the physicochemical changes related to water loss in the tomato tissue during drying.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amidou Traoré) 15 Jan 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04888325v1
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[hal-04683911] Evaluation of a unilateral magnet to characterize water in root systems
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Magali Nuixe) 02 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04683911v1
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[hal-04683870] Measuring tree water content directly in the field with portable MRI
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 02 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04683870v1
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[hal-04683948] CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER STATE AND REPARTITION DURING DRYING PROCESS OF TOMATO WITH SINGLE SIDED NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amidou Traoré) 02 Sep 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04683948v1
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[hal-04683887] The challenge to get MRI metabolic maps in fleshy fruit: tomato example
Besides its classical water-related images, MRI is able to give metabolic information mainly thanks to two approaches. The first one is classical magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) which leads to one NMR spectrum per image voxel. The second one is chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast which gives a map weighed by the metabolite exchangeable protons. CEST MRI monitors the water signal intensity in function of the saturation frequency in a so-called z-spectrum. Saturating the signal at the frequency of exchangeable protons partially saturates the water signal leading to its decrease. Each contrast presents its own advantages and drawbacks. However, both methods have the same limitation, which concerns the excellent homogeneity of the magnetic field required over the entire image.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Pagès) 02 Sep 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04683887v1
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[hal-04827283] Caractérisation de l’état de liaison du sel dans les aliments au cours de la mastication par relaxométrie RMN du noyau sodium
Limiter l’apport en sodium est un moyen efficace de réduire les risques de maladies chroniques, cependant l’apport dans l’alimentation reste deux fois supérieur à la limite. Le projet SalEtMieux consiste à trouver des méthodes pour réduire la consommation de sel dans la vie quotidienne. Dans ce projet, une étude est effectuée pour observer un potentiel impact sur le sel dû à la mastication. Cette étude est composée de trois parties : la mise en place d’une procédure pour simuler la mastication, l’application de la simulation de la mastication et l’analyse du sodium par une sonde RMN, l’analyse des données de la sonde
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ferreira Léo) 09 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04827283v1
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[hal-04624915] Quantitative 23Na MRI in food during sodium diffusion
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 25 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04624915v1
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[hal-04625211] Characterization of water state and repartition during drying process of tomato with single sided nuclear magnetic resonance
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amidou Traoré) 26 Jun 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04625211v1
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[hal-04514322] A domestic-like carrot cooking methodology for multiple research applications
Domestic-oriented research focusing on food requires methodologies that closely mimic practices occurring in home kitchens while meeting scientific standards. Currently however, there is a lack of methodologies that can be implemented in both laboratory and home environments. This paper proposes a method that fulfills the scientific requirements of repeatability and reproducibility, while utilizing commonly available materials and processes found in the average household. The method is applied to the preparation, boiling, and seasoning of roots of Daucus carota L. ("carrots"), which can be employed in various scientific fields with only minor adjustments. Three scientific experiments utilizing this methodology are presented, namely sensory evaluation, ionic chromatography measurements, and NMR experiments. In the existing literature, numerous protocols have been used for carrot sample preparation, hindering direct comparisons between studies. In this paper we would like to highlight the ability of the methodology to enhance comparability, as well as its potential utilization in other research applications. The main principles underlying the proposed methodology can also be extrapolated to prepare samples of several other vegetables or cereals.•Comprehensive guidelines for standardizing the shapes, lengths, and widths of carrots are outlined, ensuring minimal variability while preserving the integrity of the raw material.•The cooking method for carrots is tailored to utilize commonly available household materials, while meeting scientific standards required for research purposes.•Seasoning practices involving readily available domestic materials, like commercial salt, are suggested.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 10 Apr 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04514322v1
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[hal-04487647] Towards portable MRI in the plant sciences
Abstract Plant physiology and structure are constantly changing according to internal and external factors. The study of plant water dynamics can give information on these changes, as they are linked to numerous plant functions. Currently, most of the methods used to study plant water dynamics are either invasive, destructive, or not easily accessible. Portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a field undergoing rapid expansion and which presents substantial advantages in the plant sciences. MRI permits the non-invasive study of plant water content, flow, structure, stress response, and other physiological processes, as a multitude of information can be obtained using the method, and portable devices make it possible to take these measurements in situ, in a plant’s natural environment. In this work, we review the use of such devices applied to plants in climate chambers, greenhouses or in their natural environments. We also compare the use of portable MRI to other methods to obtain the same information and outline its advantages and disadvantages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 05 Mar 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04487647v1
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[hal-04408699] Interhemispheric reactivity of the subthalamic nucleus sustains progressive dopamine neuron loss in asymmetrical parkinsonism
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive and asymmetrical degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and the unilateral presentation of the motor symptoms at onset, contralateral to the most impaired hemisphere. We previously developed a rat PD model that mimics these typical features, based on unilateral injection of a substrate inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporters, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), in the substantia nigra (SN). Here, we used this progressive model in a multilevel study (behavioral testing, in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, slice electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization) to characterize the functional changes occurring in the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical network in an evolving asymmetrical neurodegeneration context and their possible contribution to the cell death progression. We focused on the corticostriatal input and the subthalamic nucleus (STN), two glutamate components with major implications in PD pathophysiology. In the striatum, glutamate and glutamine levels increased from presymptomatic stages in the PDC-injected hemisphere only, which also showed enhanced glutamatergic transmission and loss of plasticity at corticostriatal synapses assessed at symptomatic stage. Surprisingly, the contralateral STN showed earlier and stronger reactivity than the ipsilateral side (increased intraneuronal cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA levels; enhanced glutamate and glutamine concentrations). Moreover, its lesion at early presymptomatic stage halted the ongoing neurodegeneration in the PDC-injected SN and prevented the expression of motor asymmetry. These findings reveal the existence of endogenous interhemispheric processes linking the primary injured SN and the contralateral STN that could sustain progressive dopamine neuron loss, opening new perspectives for disease-modifying treatment of PD.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pascal Salin) 22 Jan 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04408699v1
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[hal-04729444] Use of a portable MRI to evaluate root structure-function relationships in water-use for several herbaceous species
Background and Aims Portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool to study water in plant roots, as it is non-invasive and allows measurements outside the laboratory. We aim, using this method, to investigate root structure-function relationships in ten herbaceous species with diverse root traits. Methods The species were grown in well-watered rhizotrons with the roots separated from the soil. The MR signal from water in the roots was measured using a unilateral MRI to evaluate the water quantity present in the measurement volume, as well as the transverse relaxation time which gives information on water mobility. Ecophysiological and morphological measurements were also performed. Results A positive relationship was observed between the intensity of the root water MR signal and the root water quantity across species. Diurnal variation in the transverse relaxation time was consistent with changes in leaf water potential and soil humidity. Additionally, the water pool fraction linked to the long transverse relaxation time was negatively related to fine root tissue density, a proxy of stele fraction. In addition, our results indicated the presence of root structure-function relationships in water-use, as illustrated by negative relationships between specific root length and root water quantity derived from MR signal, and between fine root tissue density and water mobility derived from T2 measurements. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the capacity of portable MRI to estimate root water quantity and to detect its diurnal fluctuation in various herbaceous species exhibiting diverse water-use strategies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Magali Nuixe) 10 Oct 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04729444v1
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[hal-04907322] Volumetric changes and clinical trajectories in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective multicentric study
Background: Longitudinal measures of structural brain changes using MRI in relation to clinical features and progression patterns in PD have been assessed in previous studies, but few were conducted in well-defined and large cohorts, including prospective clinical assessments of both motor and non-motor symptoms. Objective: We aimed to identify brain volumetric changes characterizing PD patients, and determine whether regional brain volumetric characteristics at baseline can predict motor, psycho-behavioral and cognitive evolution at one year in a prospective cohort of PD patients. Methods: In this multicentric 1 year longitudinal study, PD patients and healthy controls from the MPI-R2* cohort were assessed for demographical, clinical and brain volumetric characteristics. Distinct subgroups of PD patients according to motor, cognitive and psycho-behavioral evolution were identified at the end of follow-up. Results: One hundred and fifty PD patients and 73 control subjects were included in our analysis. Over one year, there was no significant difference in volume variations between PD and control subjects, regardless of the brain region considered. However, we observed a reduction in posterior cingulate cortex volume at baseline in PD patients with motor deterioration at one year (p = 0.017). We also observed a bilateral reduction of the volume of the amygdala (p = 0.015 and p = 0.041) and hippocampus (p = 0.015 and p = 0.053) at baseline in patients with psycho-behavioral deterioration, regardless of age, dopaminergic treatment and center. Conclusion: Brain volumetric characteristics at baseline may predict clinical trajectories at 1 year in PD as posterior cingulate cortex atrophy was associated with motor decline, while amygdala and hippocampus atrophy were associated with psycho-behavioral decline.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ana Marques) 22 Jan 2025
https://hal.science/hal-04907322v1
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[hal-05042747] Correction du biais de position de mesure RMN dû aux variations de température sur un aimant unilatéral
Ces dernières années, des capteurs IRM portables ont été développés. Pour les rendre portables, le champ magnétique de l’appareil (et donc sa sensibilité) a été fortement diminué. Un de ces appareils, le NMR-MOUSE de Magritek®, est un capteur unilatéral dont la configuration permet l’enregistrement du signal dans une coupe de quelques dizaines de micromètres d’épaisseur à l’extérieur de l’aimant. Le déplacement précis de l’aimant (pas de 10 ou 50 µm) permet alors de choisir la profondeur de mesure et d’enregistrer le signal RMN en fonction de la profondeur dans l’objet mesuré. Cette IRM portable est construite avec des aimants permanents. Or, il est connu que l’intensité du champ magnétique pour ces matériaux est dépendante de leur température. Dans le cas de notre instrument, cela se traduit par un décalage de la zone de mesure de 45 µm pour chaque variation de 1 °C de la température de l’aimant. Tandis que cela ne pose pas de problème pour des utilisations de laboratoire, ceci est un problème majeur lors d’une utilisation en extérieur. Nous avons donc conçu un dispositif électronique mesurant en temps réel la température de l’aimant et agissant sur sa position si une variation de température est détectée. Le dispositif électronique embarque une carte Arduino conçue au laboratoire. Ce dispositif se charge d'une part de mesurer la température de l'aimant et d'autre part de contrôler la position de l'aimant lorsque la variation de température critique est atteinte. La prise en main de la position se fait via l'interface de commande propre au spectromètre RMN et cela sans altérer le bon fonctionnement de la séquence RMN.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Abdlatif Benmoussa) 22 Apr 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05042747v1
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[hal-04238193] Transportable MRI to characterize water in plants directly in their natural environment
Grasslands and forests mitigate global warming due to their high capacity to store carbon. Sap flows play a critical role by supplying water and mineral salts used for transpiration and photosynthesis (xylem) and transporting photosynthetic carbons (phloem) to carbon sinks (e.g., wood, roots, soil). In the context of global warming, a fine understanding of these transport mechanisms is necessary. However, a sensor able to locally probe water content and its movement directly on plants and in their natural environment (i.e., in situ) does not yet exist. To measure water properties non-invasively and in a given spatial volume, MRI is the analytical tool of choice. However, such instruments cannot be moved and only laboratory experiments can be performed. Recently, portable MRI instruments have been developed. To be able to move the MRI system, the magnetic field intensity is significantly decreased. Due to the necessity for innovative design and methods, few portable sensors can record the MRI signal in a slice with a thickness of a few dozen micrometers. Our study is based on one of these sensors, the unilateral NMR-MOUSE, customized with a home-designed vector to place the MRI device against the object to be studied. Our objective is then to evaluate the capacity of this MRI sensor to measure water, both its repartition and flow, in plants, in their natural environment. In this presentation, I will show (i) the technical challenges we had to overcome to perform measurements outside, and (ii) the interest of this sensor to monitor water status in living systems, and demonstrate its interest as a new sensor in the ecophysiological sciences.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Guilhem Pagès) 12 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04238193v1
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[hal-04438419] In vitro monitoring of sodium release during carrots chewing: influence of salting practices
Overconsumption of salt is a major concern due to its consequences on human health. Approximately 9 to 12 grams of salt are consumed worldwide per adult and per day whereas recommendations for salt intake are less than 5 g/day for adults [1]. Excessive intake of dietary salt is a major contributor to increased blood pressure which is the leading risk of death in the world [2]. A reduction in salt intake is one of the most important strategies for improving public health and preventing people from dying or suffering from strokes, heart attacks, and heart failure [3]. Discretionary salt contributes significantly to salt intake but has received very little attention so far and it is not clearly targeted by recommendations. The transdisciplinary research project Sal&Mieux aims at optimizing the use of discretionary salt by citizens when cooking and seasoning to contribute to lower the dietary sodium intake. One objective of the Sal&Mieux project is to determine whether optimized domestic cooking practices can maintain discretionary salt use. We set up studies on carrots cooked in water and modulate salt addition, either at a regular or reduced level, and either during or after the cooking process. In addition, three types of salt were compared: Fleur de sel, fine sea salt, and micronized salt. Sensory evaluation with untrained panelists showed that whatever the salt level, a higher salty taste intensity was perceived when salt was added after cooking [4]. A hypothesis to explain these results is that adding salt after cooking leads to a heterogeneous distribution of salt at the surface of the food matrix [5], which produces a pulse of saltiness at the beginning of the food oral processing [6]. To confirm this hypothesis, we set up an experiment to monitor the release of salt during the mastication of carrots prepared following the different salting conditions. To control the masticatory process and ensure reproducibility, salt release monitoring was performed in vitro using an artificial mouth that simulates human food oral processing [7]. The artificial mouth is made of two jaws filled with 3D-printed teethes and an artificial tongue; artificial saliva is used to mimic human saliva. To record salt release kinetic, a sample of saliva was taken at each mastication cycle, up to 12 cycles, and analyzed by Ionic Chromatography equipped with a conductimetric probe. Preliminary results showed differences in sodium release kinetic depending on salting practices. They will be further discussed to draw conclusions on the mechanisms supporting saltiness perception as a function of salt heterogeneity, salt crystal size, and salt level. These results should lead to identifying the best salting practices suitable for domestic conditions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 05 Feb 2024
https://hal.science/hal-04438419v1
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[hal-04273896] Diminuer la consommation de sel : vers une acceptabilité sociale ?
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Clémentine Hugol-Gential) 07 Nov 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04273896v1
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[hal-04235727] MUTANT : a new image filtering paradigm for improved parameters determination. Application to myelin water fraction mapping and sodium concentrations imaging
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J.-M. Bonny) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04235727v1
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[hal-04393313] Influence of domestic salting practices on saltiness perception of cooked foods
Overconsumption of table salt is a social concern due to its consequences on human health. Discretionary salt contributes to salt intake but has received very little attention so far and it is not precisely targeted by recommendations. To determine whether domestic culinary practices can be improved to increase saltiness perception while reducing salt content, we set up two studies, each one focusing on one widely consumed foodstuff, namely carrots or pasta. Raw carrots and dry pasta were thermally processed (“cooked”) in boiling water. Table salt was added either during or after cooking. Three types of salt were compared (fleur de sel, fine sea salt, and micronized salt) at two concentrations (“regular” and “reduced”). Ionic chromatography measurements were performed to control that the overall sodium contents of carrots and of pasta were similar between conditions at the same salt concentration. 40°C samples of carrots and pasta were submitted to sensory evaluation, in dedicated sessions, with an external panel of 70 naïve participants. Saltiness, sweetness, sourness, bitterness and overall aroma were rated on linear scales. A Just-About-Right test was also performed to evaluate saltiness adequacy. Results from ANOVAs and multiple comparisons of means highlighted that salty taste intensity was significantly higher when salt was added after cooking compared to in cooking water, especially for the fleur de sel type of salt. Putative mechanisms related to salt availability in the mouth depending on the salting process, which could drive salt perception will be discussed. This study can be a basis for the improvement of salting practices, in terms of table salt use, which can easily be adopted by consumers to increase the sensory availability of discretionary salt whilst contributing to the worldwide effort to reduce dietary sodium intake. This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE21-0009 Sal&Mieux).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Raphaël Monod) 05 Feb 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04393313v1
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[hal-04272082] Subregional Nigral Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease Using Multisite Longitudinal MRI
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rahul Gaurav) 06 Nov 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04272082v1
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[hal-04438380] Caractérisation de l'état de liaison du sel dans les pâtes alimentaires par RMN du sodium
Public health organizations agree that excessive salt consumption is harmful to individuals. The SalEtMieux project aims to optimize salting practices among consumers. On one hand, it focuses on the relationship between salting and salty taste through sensory studies. On the other hand, it examines the connection between salt and the food matrix using sodium relaxometry NMR. The sensory study indicates that salting at the plate enhances the perception of salty taste. The results of this sodium NMR study seek to explain why.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Diamantino Agripino da Cunha) 05 Feb 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04438380v1
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[hal-04133617] Measuring tree water content with a portable, unilateral magnet
The use of MRI in the plant sciences has traditionally been limited due to the immobility of the devices, and restrictions with regard to sample size and shape. To overcome these limitations and to be able to study plants directly in their natural environment, we evaluated the capacities of a portable, unilateral magnet: The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Mobile Universal Surface Explorer (NMR-MOUSE), designed by Blümich et al. [1]. This device permits measuring the water NMR signal in a 100-micrometer slice, and by means of a built-in lift, the magnet can be moved to record an NMR profile within a depth of approximately 25-millimeters from the surface of the device. We tested its capacity to measure tree water content by following the dehydration dynamic of thirty cut branches from six different species and two different functional types. We also tested the device on four in-situ trees. There was a linear correlation between the integral of the MRI profiles obtained and the water content of the branches and trees. This correlation was present regardless of tree species or functional type. Using the profiles obtained on the branches, we then tested the capacity of the device to differentiate the conductive tissues, i.e. the xylem and phloem fluxes. The MRI profiles of the branches presented distinct peaks which corresponded to the xylem and phloem tissues, whose location was validated with x-ray microtomography imaging. In conclusion, the NMR-MOUSE is a promising candidate for measuring tree water dynamics in the field.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 20 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04133617v1
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[hal-04235665] Exploring the Impact of Food Choice on Brain Responses to Sweet Drinks using fMRI
Eating behavior is influenced by automatic responses to contextual food cues 1. For example, the easy availability of tasty foods can stimulate eating behaviors by enhancing the reward experience. Such working hypothesis is supported by a previous study demonstrated that providing choice resulted in higher levels of both food liking and food intake compared to situations where individuals were randomly assigned a dessert option 2. To address this issue, we conducted a study involving human participants who were asked to assess the pleasantness of sweet commercial beverages in both repeated free-choice and forced-choice conditions. Participants judged pleasantness after drinking sweet commercial beverages in repeated free-and forced-choice conditions. High-resolution fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis techniques 3,4 were employed to examine how choice influenced the spatial patterns that encode categorical information related to the drinks (taste/flavor, likings). By utilizing actual tasteful stimuli instead of relying on food images 5 , our results point at population-level several significant modulations of cortical representations due to choice.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marie Bonny) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04235665v1
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[hal-04133747] MEASURING TREE WATER CONTENT AND LOCATING CONDUCTIVE TISSUES WITH PORTABLE MRI
The use of MRI in the plant sciences has traditionally been limited due to the immobility of the devices, and restrictions with regard to sample size and shape. To overcome these limitations and to be able to study plants directly in their natural environment, we evaluated the capacities of a portable, unilateral magnet: The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Mobile Universal Surface Explorer (NMR-MOUSE), designed by Blümich et al. [1] and commercialized by Magritek. This MRI device permits measuring the signal in increments of up to 100-micrometers, and within a depth of approximately 25-millimeters. We tested its capacity to measure tree water content by following the dehydration dynamic of cut branches from six different species and two different functional types. We also tested the device on four in-situ trees. There was a significant linear correlation between the integral of the MRI profiles obtained and the water content of the branches and trees. This significant correlation was present regardless of tree species or functional type. We then tested the capacity of the device to differentiate the conductive tissues, i.e. the xylem and phloem fluxes, within cut branches. The MRI profiles of the branches presented distinct peaks which corresponded to the xylem and phloem tissues, whose location was validated with x-ray microtomography imaging which allows the high-resolution visualization of the tissues within the sample. In conclusion, the NMR-MOUSE is a promising candidate for measuring plant water dynamics in the field.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (S Blystone) 20 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04133747v1
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[hal-04117301] Measuring tree water content in-situ with a portable, unilateral magnet
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 05 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04117301v1
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[hal-04115255] Caractérisation de l'état de liaison du sel dans les produits alimentaires par relaxométrie RMN du 23Na
La quantité sel dans notre alimentation reste trop élevée et les organismes de santé publique recommandent sa diminution. Le projet ANR Sal&Mieux cherche des leviers de diminution à l’échelle domestique. Les travaux présentés ici visent à comprendre les liens entre type de salage et sensation salée, l’objectif étant de saler moins sans perte du goût salé. Les études sensorielles montrent que le salage à l’assiette fait ressortir le goût salé, la relaxométrie RMN a pour objectif de nous faire comprendre pourquoi en fournissant des informations sur l’état de liaison du sodium à la matrice alimentaire. Les résultats présentés ici ont été obtenus sur i. la carotte entière et ii. les pâtes alimentaires, pour 2 types de salage : eau (salage dans l’eau de cuisson) et assiette (salage après cuisson). La relaxométrie RMN a été réalisée à 400 MHz (Bruker UltraShielded widebore magnet) avec une sonde volumique 1H/23Na 5 mm large bande (BBO, Bruker BioSpin). La relaxation du sodium dans les échantillons est caractérisée à partir d’une séquence mettant en évidence les cohérences double quanta (mesure à opt=2.5ms, TR=1s, NS=4096), et d’une CPMG à phase alternée (TE=140μs, TR=1s, NS=4096). L’analyse des données de la CPMG est réalisée par un justement multi-exponentiel, sans apriori (NNLS), de la décroissance avec une régularisation fixe standard (=0.02). L’analyse statistique des données s’appuie sur un modèle linéaire généralisé intégrant l’ensemble des prédicteurs potentiels. Un effet salage significatif est visible sur la répartition des T2 pour les deux aliments ; De plus, un signal double quanta est détecté sur les 2 aliments quel que soit le type de salage. Ces travaux sont financés par le projet Sal&Mieux ANR-19-CE21-0009.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Clerjon) 02 Jun 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04115255v1
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[hal-04235819] Manganese-Enhanced MRI for Functional Imaging of Freely Moving Animals
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marie Bonny) 10 Oct 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04235819v1
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[hal-04086942] Evaluer la réponse thérapeutique tumorale : intérêt d'une approche bimodale en IRM CEST et imagerie nucléaire
Evaluer la réponse thérapeutique tumorale : intérêt d’une approche bimodale en IRM CEST et imagerie nucléaire. Roxane Autissier1,2,3, Guilhem Pagés2,3, Erwan Boutault1, Jean-Marie Bonny2,3, Sébastien Schmitt1, Philippe Auzeloux1, Emmanuel Moreau1, Aurélie Dutour4, Elisabeth Miot-Noirault1, Leslie Mazuel1,2,3. 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, IMoST, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France INRAe, 2 UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France 3AgroResonance, INRAe, 2018. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility for agronomy, food and health, https://doi.org/10.15454/1.5572398324758228E123,4 4Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France Objectifs : Le chondrosarcome (CHS), tumeur maligne du cartilage, dispose d’un microenvironnement caractérisé par une matrice extracellulaire (MEC) riche en glycosaminoglycanes (GAGs) et par un cœur hypoxique. Ces deux caractéristiques sont identifiables par une stratégie d’acquisitions bimodales par IRM CEST et imagerie nucléaire [1]. Dans ce contexte, nous souhaitons évaluer la pertinence de cette stratégie pour déceler les modifications ayant lieu au sein de la tumeur en réponse à une thérapie ciblant la MEC (acide zolédronique) ou l’hypoxie (TH-302). Matériels et Méthodes : Les rats SD OFA implantés en paratibial avec un fragment de CHS (SWARM) sont traités ensuite par 2 injections/semaine d’acide zolédronique (0,1mg/kg, sc, J5-J36) ou 5 injections/semaine de TH-302 (Evofosphamide) (50mg/kg, ip, J11-J22) ou de sérum physiologique. Les animaux sont imagés hebdomadairement jusqu’à J40 par IRM à 11,7T. Un repérage anatomique puis une séquence RARE comprenant un module de préparation CEST (B1=1,5µT, tsat=4 s, Δω=50Hz sur 2500 Hz) est réalisée sur une coupe axiale passant par le centre de la tumeur. Une carte B0 est enregistrée à l’aide d’une WASSR (B1=0,1µT, tsat=1s, Δω=20Hz sur 1000Hz). Des imageries TEMP (99mTc-NTP15-5, 30MBq/animal, 30min pi) et TEP (18F-FMISO, 20MBq/animal, 4h pi) sont réalisées sur les mêmes animaux pour caractériser les GAGs et l’hypoxie, respectivement. Les tumeurs prélevées sont étudiées par histologie, immunofluorescence et dosage des GAGs. Résultats : L’approche bimodale a permis de mettre en évidence la réponse du CHS SWARM au traitement TH-302 avec une réduction significative de 75% du volume tumoral (p<0,0001). Les valeurs de pH (ratio APT/guanidyl CEST; p<0,05) et d’hypoxie (ratio T/M 18F-FMISO) dans le groupe traité au TH-302 sont plus élevées que dans le groupe contrôle. Le TH-302 a un impact sur la MEC avec une augmentation des GAGs montrée par imagerie nucléaire au 99mTc-NTP 15-5 (ratio T/M ; p<0,01). L’absence de variations des paramètres observables par imagerie confirme la non-réponse au traitement à l’acide zolédronique dans ce modèle. Conclusion : Ces résultats soulignent l’intérêt d’associer ces imageries pour le suivi de la réponse thérapeutique. Cette stratégie pourrait être déterminante dans l’adaptation thérapeutique des patients pour une médecine personnalisée. Références : [1] Autissier R, Mazuel L, Maubert E, et al. Simultaneous proteoglycans and hypoxia mapping of chondrosarcoma environment by frequency selective CEST MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2021;86(2):1008-1018. Remerciements : Ligue contre le cancer Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Ce travail a fait l’objet d’une thèse financé par le MESRI. Les acquisitions multimodales ont été réalisées sur la plateforme IVIA (https://doi.org/10.18145/ivia).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Roxane Autissier) 03 May 2023
https://hal.science/hal-04086942v1
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[hal-03894036] Reproductibilité en IRM quantitative
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Helene Ratiney) 12 Dec 2022
https://hal.science/hal-03894036v1
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[hal-03940951] In Silico modelling of the salmon salting process to reduce saline effluent
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jason Sicard) 16 Jan 2023
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03940951v1
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[hal-03857408] Effect of dry salt versus brine injection plus dry salt on the physicochemical characteristics of smoked salmon after filleting
Smoked fish fillets are pre-salted as a food conservation and quality preservation measure. Here we investigated biochemical and sensory aspects of smoked salmon fillets. Left-side salmon fillets were dry-salted while the rightside fillets underwent a mixed salting method consisting of an injection of saturated brine followed by surface application of dry salt. After 6 h of salting, all the fillets were smoked. At each step of the process, quality was evaluated using instrumental measurements (pH, color, texture, water content, salt content, a w), and lipid distribution was visualized by MRI. Mixed-salted fillets had a higher salt content than dry-salted fillets and variability in salt distribution was dependent on the salting process. However, these variations had no effect on pH, color or texture, which showed similar values regardless of salting method. Fatty areas had a lower salt content due to slower diffusion of aqueous salt solutions through them. Mixed salting speeds up the salting of the muscle without significantly affecting the quality traits of the salmon fillet.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thierry Astruc) 17 Nov 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03857408v1
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[hal-04829512] Développements d’algorithmes d’apprentissage pour l’analyse exploratoire de données multidimensionnelles : Applications à l’étude de la dynamique de digestions des aliments et à l’imagerie RM des échanges chimiques
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (He Yunfan) 10 Dec 2024
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04829512v1
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[hal-03822564] A general paradigm for constructing adaptive and efficient multispectral imaging filters: applications to nuclear magnetic relaxometry in brain
Based on the Bayesian theorem, we introduced a new paradigm for the design of highperformance image filters. This comprehensive statistical framework is applicable to most imaging modalities where multispectral images, that is, frames with different contrasts, can be acquired from the same subject, or sample, under investigation. Unlike the classical nonlocal filtering approaches [1,2], our formalism permits incorporation of adaptive fusion operators to calculate and merge the frame-dependent weights within the multispectral images. We show that the conventional, and widely used, multispectral nonlocal means filtering represents only a special case of our generalized framework. Through extensive numerical and in-vivo analyses, conducted on NMR images for myelin water fraction (MWF) determination, we demonstrate the flexibility and superior performance of our formalism for accurate and precise MWF mapping. Our results indicate that the use of adaptive fusion operators provides an advanced degree of freedom for the multispectral filtering leading to higher quality filtering with details preservation in derived MWF maps as compared to the conventional approaches. We also provide a mathematically based formulation for the calculation of the weight of the central voxel for which the signal intensity has to be restored. This issue has previously been overlooked, with only empirical solutions have been suggested. Our definition of the selfsimilarity here is easily extendable to various fusion operators and addresses this outstanding issue. This work opens the way to further stabilize quantitative MR imaging for advanced applications in many fields such as preclinical and clinical investigations. We note that, beside MR imaging applications, our filtering paradigm is readily applicable to other multispectral imaging modalities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J.-M. Bonny) 20 Oct 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03822564v1
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[hal-03822545] A portable and unilateral nmr device to measure tree water and locate conductive tissues
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 20 Oct 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03822545v1
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[hal-03822537] A portable and unilateral NMR device to measure tree water content and locate conductive tissues
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Shannan Blystone) 20 Oct 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03822537v1
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[hal-03822552] A general paradigm for constructing adaptative and efficient multispectral imaging filters: Applications to NMR relaxometry in brain
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (J.-M. Bonny) 20 Oct 2022
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03822552v1
